Add to Chrome

Log In

Sign Up

Try Gigabrain PRO

Supercharge your access to the collective wisdom of reddit, youtube, and more.
Learn More
Refine result by
Most Relevant
Most Recent
Most Upvotes
Filter by subreddit
r/lego
r/LegoStorage

How to Restore Old LEGO Bricks

GigaBrain scanned 70 comments to find you 72 relevant comments from 10 relevant discussions.
Sort
Filter

Sources

What to do with heavily worn old LEGO?
r/lego • 1
Is there any way to restore faded Lego bricks? Or maybe keep it from not happening to the rest of my bricks?
r/lego • 2
Any ideas on how to buff out old clear bricks? Haha (top brick)
r/lego • 3
View All
7 more

TLDR

Summary

New

Chat with GigaBrain

What Redditors are Saying

How to Restore Old LEGO Bricks

Cleaning and Polishing

One effective way to restore old LEGO bricks is by cleaning and polishing them. Hand washing the bricks and using plastic polish can make them shine again, although it won't remove deep scratches or bite marks [1:1]. For clear bricks, products like Tamiya Polishing Compound or car headlight restoration kits can be used to buff out micro scratches [3:4]. Micro mesh pads followed by car polish are also recommended for achieving a smoother finish [3:5].

Using Retrobright for Yellowed Bricks

To address yellowing in LEGO bricks, the "retrobright" method involves using diluted hydrogen peroxide to restore faded plastics [2:2]. However, caution is advised as this process may remove the outer layer of the plastic and isn't permanent [2:3][5:2]. Keeping LEGO sets away from direct sunlight and artificial lights can help prevent further fading [2:1][2:4].

Creative Uses for Worn Bricks

For bricks that are too worn for traditional restoration, creative uses can give them new life. Using them in builds that require an aged look, such as an "abandoned house," can add character with their authentic chips and scratches [1:2]. Alternatively, selling them as parts for custom LEGO figures or art projects could be a viable option [1:4].

Rebuilding Destroyed Sets

If dealing with destroyed sets, the best approach is often to disassemble everything and start from scratch. Sorting pieces by color and making a spreadsheet to track missing parts can streamline the rebuilding process [4:1][4:2]. Attempting to rebuild using partially completed chunks might complicate the process [4:3].

Replacement Options

In cases where restoration seems impractical, purchasing replacement parts from sources like Bricklink or Pick a Brick might be the most efficient solution [3:1][5:1]. This ensures you have pristine pieces without risking damage from chemical treatments.

See less

Helpful

Not helpful

You have reached the maximum number of searches allowed today.

Cut through the noise directly on Google.

The GigaBrain browser extension dives deep into billions of discussions, bringing you the most relevant and informative answers on the spot.

Add to Chrome

Products

Tamiya TAM87068 Polishing Compound-Coarse

TAMIYA
$7.00$9.46
4.7(538)

See more

Source Threads

POST SUMMARY • [1]

Summarize

What to do with heavily worn old LEGO?

Posted by CaptainAction · in r/lego · 3 years ago
08 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
ORIGINAL POST

I have a pretty large amount of old LEGO I got from a friend. They're from the '70s through the '90s or so, based on the parts and figs I found in there.

The only thing is, these LEGOs are beat to shit. They were used hard. Very scratched up and worn, with some parts broken or damaged. I've never seen LEGO in such bad shape just from being played with.

A lot of the figures have their printing worn almost completely off. In good shape, these figs would be worth something to someone, as I have some classic space, blacktron, pirates, and castle figs (The classic 375 Castle is clearly mixed into here).

Anyway my question is, what should I do with these? I know there is a recycling program where I can have them shipped off and given to a school, but I'd feel a little bad giving them such old and beaten up bricks. And though they'd be collectible in good shape, they are in terrible shape. I could just donate them anyway, but I don't feel like they have much value to anyone.

8 replies
S
Stoertebricker · 3 years ago

I've been washing (by hand) and refurbishing some of my childhood bricks, by building them into walls and polishing them with plastic polish, to at least make them shine again. Bite marks of course won't go away, and scratches are still visible a bit - especially deeper ones - but they already look much better.

This won't work with prints, obviously, as they will further be scratched off.

1 upvotes on reddit
I
ijustneedtolurk · 3 years ago

Using the old worn down bricks for an "abandoned house" build would also be super cool! All the authentic chips, scratches and bite marks would be perfect to add character to the build.

Could also repaint and seal the bricks to make them match for the build? That's what I would do since I haven't dived into working with resin and stuff.

1 upvotes on reddit
cohesiveenigma · 3 years ago

Lego offers a recycling program with free mailing labels. https://www.givebackbox.com/lego/

3 upvotes on reddit
C
CaptainAction · OP · 3 years ago

Yes I know, I was thinking that these bricks might be a little too rough- but then again, they are perfectly usable for the most part, just rough.

1 upvotes on reddit
I
ijustneedtolurk · 3 years ago

You could sell them as parts to someone who makes their own custom Lego figures, or someone who makes Lego art! They'd likely make some cool jewelry, like I'd totally wear some Lego-encased-in-resin jewelry and stuff. That would be ultra rad and give new life to some well-loved pieces!

Or, put them in a Lego trash can to decorate a city-scape with actual trash Lego!

3 upvotes on reddit
edgeofhearing · 3 years ago

I mean, the Lego I've seen in schools (particularly preschools and elementary schools) are more worn down than any pieces I've seen in a home. I'm sure a school would accept and use such a donation.

2 upvotes on reddit
C
CaptainAction · OP · 3 years ago

That's fair. I think I'll probably end up donating them anyway, though initially I was thinking they were a little too junky to donate.

2 upvotes on reddit
L
LegoLinkBot · 3 years ago

375-2: Castle [Photo]

1 upvotes on reddit
See 8 replies
r/lego • [2]

Summarize

Is there any way to restore faded Lego bricks? Or maybe keep it from not happening to the rest of my bricks?

Posted by Swingpower · in r/lego · 2 years ago
post image
3 upvotes on reddit
5 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
5 replies
T
TheCosmicJenny · 2 years ago

Look up “retrobright”, it’s what multiple communities call using dilute hydrogen peroxide to restore yellowed plastics.

1 upvotes on reddit
129samot · 2 years ago

I think it removes the outer layer of the plastic. So be careful

2 upvotes on reddit
Crazyguy_123 · 2 years ago

Not sure how to restore them but I do know how to prevent it. Keep the sets out of sunlight and don’t have lights pointed directly at them. They will still fade over time but doing those things slows the damage and makes it less severe.

2 upvotes on reddit
JKN1GHTxGKG · 2 years ago

Keep future sets out of the sun for long periods of time.

1 upvotes on reddit
Expatriot_II · 2 years ago

I don't know how to fix fading, but you can protect your Lego by keeping it away from direct sunlight.

1 upvotes on reddit
See 5 replies
r/lego • [3]

Summarize

Any ideas on how to buff out old clear bricks? Haha (top brick)

Posted by Difficult-Shirt-6288 · in r/lego · 7 months ago
post image

Just an example, but I’ve got a ton of scuffed clear bricks and wondering if there’s an easy way to return them to “newer” looking haha

i.redd.it
4 upvotes on reddit
7 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
7 replies
l0ooo-ooo0l · 7 months ago

polywatch? It’s restores watch crystals. They do a version for plastic I believe

1 upvotes on reddit
kaapo-kakko · 7 months ago

Easy? No not really. If you're determined you can look into car headlight restoration kits since it's the same principle, a bunch of micro scratches on plastic.

1 upvotes on reddit
Suite303b · 7 months ago

Go down to your local hobby shop (or Amazon) and get a tube (or set) of Tamiya Polishing compound. I think it comes in three varieties "coarse", "Fine" &, "Finish"

Work the polish in with a microfiber cloth until you're happy with the results. Alternately, you can use a rotary tool (Dremel) with a polishing pad, but be careful because these can damage the plastic if you aren't being careful and also the part you're polishing is quite small -- tricky to handle.

1 upvotes on reddit
chrisgedrim · 7 months ago

Micro mesh pads, used wet, go through the higher grits, then some car polish

2 upvotes on reddit
BrokenSVT · 7 months ago

I mean, I'm not sure how you value your time but... New ones are 3-5¢ each on Bricklink. There's no way I'm spending an hour buffing old ones back to life when they're that cheap to replace.

3 upvotes on reddit
Difficult-Shirt-6288 · OP · 7 months ago

Honestly, that is an excellent point haha. If there was a quick solution I was all for it haha

2 upvotes on reddit
BrokenSVT · 7 months ago

Yeh, I'd save the scratched ones for filler.

3 upvotes on reddit
See 7 replies
r/lego • [4]

Summarize

Advice on rebuilding destroyed sets

Posted by Shaggy21345 · in r/lego · 5 months ago

So I travel for work, and one of my guilty pleasures when I’m on the road in my time off is working on Lego sets. The problem is when my job finally sent me home and I had to ship everything home they got completely destroyed. Would my best course of action be completely taking it apart, sorting the pieces and starting over? Or is there any simpler route I can take?

3 upvotes on reddit
4 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
4 replies
Mjcarlin907317 · 5 months ago

Take everything apart and start from scratch. It’s the easiest way to ensure you don’t miss any steps. I’ve had to rebuild the Batman tumbler twice. First time I tried cutting corners and it made it more difficult.

4 upvotes on reddit
Shaggy21345 · OP · 5 months ago

Thanks! I had some pretty big chunks survive but I had a feeling the whole thing would be different if I tried building it with those partially completed chunks

1 upvotes on reddit
Mjcarlin907317 · 5 months ago

The black, grey and dark grey parts made it nearly impossible to do it without a complete rebuild.

1 upvotes on reddit
Mooosedog · 5 months ago

Try pulling out the larger parts of sets that are still together. Then sort the remaining pieces by color. Take apart each set to identify the parts you have, and then find the pieces you are missing from your sorted loose pieces. It is a good idea to make a spreadsheet to keep track of pieces you can't find.. Then if you find pieces later you can mark them as found or you'll have a list of parts to order off of Bricklink.

0 upvotes on reddit
See 4 replies
r/lego • [5]

Summarize

Aged / discolored legos

Posted by NicolePSU · in r/lego · 4 months ago

Is there any way to remove the aged appearance? I'm assuming not, but I saw someone post about spraying white with diluted peroxide and putting in the sunlight.
Thanks!

3 upvotes on reddit
2 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
2 replies
S
Stryker_T · 4 months ago

yes, there is a method with peroxide to remove the yellowing, you can search for it, there are many posts on it, but it also isn't permanent and it can degrade the bricks.

3 upvotes on reddit
Castabluestone · 4 months ago

Don’t put chemicals on your Legos. Just buy some replacement parts on pick a brick.

2 upvotes on reddit
See 2 replies
r/lego • [6]

Summarize

Lego rebuilding

Posted by Jeffers1982 · in r/lego · 7 months ago
post image

So over the years all of my sons and some of mine (1980's) Lego sets have ended taken apart and scattered. I have gathered them all up into 3 27 gallon totes. I have also located 54 sets of instructions. Although I know I am missing a ton of them. I am entering all of my known sets into brick link and looking back to see what other sets I can remember having. I am now sorting them all by color in the hopes of rebuilding every set. Myself and one of my sons have about 10 hours invested so far. Here's some pics of the progress so far. I'll post sets as they get built. Hoping to find some of my child hood sets from the 80's.

reddit.com
3 upvotes on reddit
12 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
12 replies
Icy_Refrigerator4721 · 7 months ago

Good luck.. I have one of my hubs old sets from lord knows when that I was thinking about putting together. I haven’t decided how I’m gonna separate them yet though. It’s pirate ships. I also have a bunch of the avengers sets and Disney and Minecraft sets that were my kids. Thinking about doing them as well.

2 upvotes on reddit
J
Jeffers1982 · OP · 7 months ago

Pirate ships are the goal! I had a few I really liked.

2 upvotes on reddit
J
Jeffers1982 · OP · 6 months ago

Found a complete set on marketplace and picked it up this week. Even came with instructions

https://preview.redd.it/oz8xh6zqecje1.jpeg?width=3264&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=7214e758ac82611876962499765c52db7420f241

1 upvotes on reddit
puisnode_DonGiesu · 7 months ago

On the bottom of the 5th image there's a red/yellow flame place (solid color) do you remember from what set it is?

1 upvotes on reddit
J
Jeffers1982 · OP · 7 months ago

That may actually be from mega blocks. I've tried to pull all of those out from this mess but I don't always catch them.

1 upvotes on reddit
N
nekokat7676 · 7 months ago

Sorting by color makes it so hard to find parts. Sorting by type is the way to go.

1 upvotes on reddit
J
Jeffers1982 · OP · 6 months ago

I am finding this out. Switch to by type now.

1 upvotes on reddit
AnaMarket · 7 months ago

Oh my gosh good luck! I am actually kind of jealous, that looks like a blast

1 upvotes on reddit
J
Jeffers1982 · OP · 7 months ago

It's fun to see all the pieces I've forgotten about. It's tideious thought

2 upvotes on reddit
Icy_Refrigerator4721 · 7 months ago

That last picture scares me.. not by color but by type.. you’re gonna have a hard time finding that 1 red 3 in all that mess.

1 upvotes on reddit
J
Jeffers1982 · OP · 7 months ago

Agreed but I feel like sorting by piece will take so much for time. The instructions list them by color so hoping I can see how that goes first.

1 upvotes on reddit
Icy_Refrigerator4721 · 6 months ago

How’s the building going?

1 upvotes on reddit
See 12 replies
r/lego • [7]

Summarize

How to make old LEGO white again?

Posted by Mowza2k2 · in r/lego · 2 years ago
post image
2 upvotes on reddit
9 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
9 replies
DRUNKEN_GOD1 · 2 years ago

Search "peroxide" and you'll find all kinds of posts about this

8 upvotes on reddit
Mowza2k2 · OP · 2 years ago

Will do! Thank you

1 upvotes on reddit
[deleted] · 2 years ago

I can attest to this. I did it with a big lot I found at DI. So yeah, do a little research with youtube and things. Doesn't ALWAYS work, but usually makes it at least a lil better. Hope it works out for ya:)

2 upvotes on reddit
ParkeristheMan · 2 years ago

I thought that color was the real color omg

2 upvotes on reddit
Pikalika · 2 years ago

I know it looks exactly like LEGO tan! Wow must’ve been a smoker

1 upvotes on reddit
Muchie913 · 2 years ago

Dishwasher

1 upvotes on reddit
Full-Requirement6113 · 2 years ago

Put them in a higher tax bracket

11 upvotes on reddit
Full-Requirement6113 · 2 years ago

Please don't report me 😬

6 upvotes on reddit
Joe-__-69 · 2 years ago

soak discolored Lego pieces in 3% hydrogen peroxide, placed in direct sunlight.

4 upvotes on reddit
See 9 replies
r/lego • [8]

Summarize

Old Lego piece found

Posted by thatmisanthropicdude · in r/lego · 5 months ago
post image

Hey! Yesterday I was doing some garden work and suddenly found this Lego piece. I did some research and found out that it is from the late 60's/early 70's. Unfortunately, it lost its color and became more like a dark turquoise. It officially only exists in blue, red and yellow. Is there a way to properly clean it and also bring back the orignal colour? Thanks in advance!

i.redd.it
43 upvotes on reddit
3 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
3 replies
tkfire · 5 months ago

This is why Lego is so bad for the environment. It lasts forever. Even the print is still there.

3 upvotes on reddit
vacuumedcarpet · 5 months ago

In theory at least LEGO has kept it's value overall to be passed down unlike a lot of other plastic toys

5 upvotes on reddit
tkfire · 5 months ago

That’s great but just a couple days ago there was a post about how much Lego a sanitation company would take to the dump if one of the workers wasn’t a collector.

2 upvotes on reddit
See 3 replies
r/LegoStorage • [9]

Summarize

Lego rebuild frustration

Posted by bananahammerredoux · in r/LegoStorage · 3 months ago

Recently, I took out some sets that I had previously built and then taken apart to store due to lack of display space. I kept them stored in airtight bins in a climate-controlled spare bedroom so I thought it would be okay. But when I went to rebuild them, I noticed that many of the pieces just didn’t want to stick as well as they had the first time I built them. These sets have all been bought within the last 10 years. I don’t get it. Everyone goes through so much trouble to store them because they supposedly last forever and are reusable but I’m just having a very frustrating build experience with these rebuilds. Everything is much more fragile. What am I doing wrong?

20 upvotes on reddit
10 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
10 replies
C
curtydc · 3 months ago

Can't relate. My collection dates back to the mid 80s to now. Aside from the usually brittle pieces from a specific decade, everything is still clicking together firmly. My collection is currently in a climate controlled room in the house, but it has been stored and played with in a non climate controlled garage that experienced temps from below 0°C to above 43°C for more than a decade.

10 upvotes on reddit
ElToroBlanco25 · 3 months ago

Same here. Mine go back to the 70s. Used to be kept in Lego floor bags. They work great.

2 upvotes on reddit
B
bananahammerredoux · OP · 3 months ago

They just don’t make ‘em like they used to, I guess!

0 upvotes on reddit
AlbinoPanther5 · 3 months ago

How long did you have them assembled? Plastic that is under stress will creep over time, leading to permanent deformation. LEGO is made to be assembled and disassembled repeatedly, as long as parts are assembled they are under a certain amount of stress which is unavoidable.

Repeated assembly and disassembly that does not strain the plastic beyond the elastic limit will not harm the parts significantly, but leaving them assembled for extended periods of time may.

5 upvotes on reddit
B
bananahammerredoux · OP · 3 months ago

I did have them assembled for a long time. Maybe four or five years.

2 upvotes on reddit
Pasta-Admirer · 3 months ago

I routinely disassemble all sets that I build and order quite a lot of used bricks and my experience has been that by the 7 year mark most bricks lose the slightly oily coating that they come with from the box, which is probably why they become a little less smooth to connect and disconnect.

Not sure how your experience has been, but at least for me the bricks have still been very much usable, the different tactile feeling just takes a little getting used to.

17 upvotes on reddit
B
bananahammerredoux · OP · 3 months ago

I don’t notice a change in texture I just notice that the bricks connect loosely. They’re just not tight builds.

1 upvotes on reddit
Pasta-Admirer · 3 months ago

Yeah, I’ve had that as well, not to an extent where the lack of clutch power would’ve made building impossible but some pieces are definitely more loose than others whereas some are even harder to take apart than normal.

I live in Scandinavia so humidity shouldn’t be an issue nor should too high of a temperature.

3 upvotes on reddit
M
madkins007 · 3 months ago

I'm wondering if a call to Lego customer service might shed some light on this?

5 upvotes on reddit
E
evolutionxtinct · 3 months ago

Curious what ol you find I’ve displayed for 5yrs and am unbuilding so curious what the group says!

7 upvotes on reddit
See 10 replies
r/lego • [10]

Summarize

Yellowed/old bricks

Posted by ranghaal · in r/lego · 5 years ago
post image
1516 upvotes on reddit
12 replies
Helpful
Not helpful
View Source
12 replies
ranghaal · OP · 5 years ago

Don't try chemistry on yellowed bricks :-( Use them.

I get asked how I achieve that unusal, not Lego like look in my mocs.One point is that I love using old white plates for medieval houses :-)

Here are some examples:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/154489981@N04/49293819128/in/dateposted/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/154489981@N04/29915639638/in/dateposted/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/154489981@N04/28965193308/in/dateposted/

​

​

There are quite a few other factors as well to achieve such an organic run down look:avoiding light reflections when doing pics,using small parts and many tiles (tiles have more structure),techniques that allow discrete placements of the bricks (hoses, hinges etc.)

103 upvotes on reddit
Hecticknight450 · 5 years ago

Very wise

2 upvotes on reddit
riiil · 5 years ago

You are most definitely RIGHT!

19 upvotes on reddit
ranghaal · OP · 5 years ago

Of course you can use hydrogen peroxide or something the like.But I recently read that this is not a durable solution and it also affects the bricks...

​

But to be fair: I think large yellowed bricks are not really nice. It's mixing many small ones that looks good.

24 upvotes on reddit
BewareNixonsGhost · 5 years ago

I use the old grey pieces for the same thing! The new greys look a little too blue for some of the aesthetics I'm going for. Thanks for helping normalize using off color and mismatched bricks lol

14 upvotes on reddit
ranghaal · OP · 5 years ago

Old grey may look a little dull alone but it mixes better with other colours. This is even more true for dark grey and old dark grey

10 upvotes on reddit
rensch · 5 years ago

There was a guy at a local store in my area that sells used LEGO parts who said the older grey colours (so not the 'bluish' ones) are still often cheaper on Bricklink and therefor the way to go if you don't prefer one over the other.

It can be mixed together to create some subtle effects for things like castle walls, though. Some people can really make things look worn that way.

2 upvotes on reddit
BewareNixonsGhost · 5 years ago

In general, I use try to use the old greys for dirt and stone.

5 upvotes on reddit
L
legitusernameiswear · 5 years ago

Old grey best grey

10 upvotes on reddit
E
ericnathan811 · 5 years ago

Op I just gotta say, I absolutely love these little follow up posts showing the little things you did to get that plague moc perfect!

20 upvotes on reddit
W
wildedges · 5 years ago

Holy moly that's a wholly new level of Lego.

35 upvotes on reddit
L
lawpoop · 5 years ago

Okay now show us a yellowed brick road

3 upvotes on reddit
See 12 replies

Top People to Talk to

These are some of the top contributors related to
lego
LegoStorage
B

BrokenSVT

No bio available
10635
Karma
179
Posts
3157
Comments
View Profile
Chat w/ Profile AI
I

ijustneedtolurk

No bio available
85640
Karma
1
Posts
10000
Comments
View Profile
Chat w/ Profile AI
C

cohesiveenigma

No bio available
14670
Karma
130
Posts
845
Comments
View Profile
Chat w/ Profile AI
I

Icy_Refrigerator4721

No bio available
0
Karma
4
Posts
94
Comments
View Profile
Chat w/ Profile AI
1

129samot

No bio available
11345
Karma
52
Posts
1555
Comments
View Profile
Chat w/ Profile AI
C

Crazyguy_123

No bio available
86939
Karma
38
Posts
10000
Comments
View Profile
Chat w/ Profile AI
M

Mjcarlin907317

No bio available
4400
Karma
4
Posts
4567
Comments
View Profile
Chat w/ Profile AI
E

edgeofhearing

No bio available
70393
Karma
189
Posts
348
Comments
View Profile
Chat w/ Profile AI

Related

How to clean LEGO bricks

how to disinfect LEGO bricks

how to sort LEGO bricks

AI Answer

🤖

how to restore old LEGO bricks

Here are some key considerations for restoring old LEGO bricks:

  1. Cleaning:

    • Soaking: Fill a basin with warm water and a few drops of mild dish soap. Soak the bricks for about 30 minutes.
    • Scrubbing: Use a soft toothbrush or a cloth to gently scrub the bricks, especially in crevices.
    • Rinsing: Rinse the bricks thoroughly with clean water to remove any soap residue.
    • Drying: Lay the bricks out on a towel to air dry completely before storing or using them.
  2. Removing Stickers:

    • If the bricks have old stickers, carefully peel them off. You can use a hairdryer on low heat to soften the adhesive, making it easier to remove.
  3. Dealing with Discoloration:

    • For yellowed bricks, you can try a hydrogen peroxide bath. Submerge the bricks in a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water (1:1 ratio) and leave them in sunlight for a few hours. This can help restore their original color.
  4. Repairing Broken Pieces:

    • If any bricks are broken, consider using super glue for small repairs. However, be cautious as this can affect the brick's ability to connect with others.
  5. Storage:

    • Store restored bricks in a cool, dry place to prevent future damage. Use bins or containers that allow for airflow to avoid moisture buildup.

Recommendation: Always test any cleaning method on a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure it doesn’t damage the bricks. Restoring LEGO bricks can be a fun project, and taking the time to clean and care for them can significantly enhance their appearance and longevity.

Still looking for a better answer?

Get more comprehensive results summarized by our most cutting edge AI model. Plus deep Youtube search.

Try Gigabrain Pro for Free
gigaGigaBrain Logo
Support

Who are we?

Get API access

Leave us feedback

Contact us

Legal

Terms of Use

Privacy Policy

Shopping Tools

Product Comparisons

2023 GigaBrain Corporation
As an Amazon Associate, GigaBrain may earn a commission from qualifying purchases.