Understanding British Cultural References
British cultural references in language can be cryptic to those unfamiliar with the culture. Many phrases and sayings are understood innately by Brits, such as "I go to [city name]" implying attendance at a university in that city [2:1]. This is often seen as an abbreviation rather than synecdoche
[2:2]. Cockney rhyming slang, like "have a butchers" or "telling porkies," is another example of cultural references that may be puzzling to outsiders
[2:3],
[2:4].
Cultural References in Media
In media such as books or podcasts, British cultural references can add layers of humor and context that might be missed by non-British audiences. For instance, references to MOT (Ministry of Transport test) or D of E (Duke of Edinburgh) are specific to British culture [3:1]. Pantomimes, a traditional British theatrical performance, have a unique script and audience participation that may seem confusing to those not raised in the UK
[3:5],
[3:7].
Regional References
Certain regional references, such as those found in the game Cassette Beasts, highlight specific British locales and cultural icons. Names like New Wirral and HMS Birkenhead refer to real places in Britain [5:1]. Other references include landmarks like Crosby Beach and Thurstaston Beach
[5:4]. The game also includes nods to British pop culture, such as David Bowie's Major Tom and Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
[5:5].
Impact of Language Evolution
The evolution of UK English has been influenced by its historical connections with Europe and other cultures. This shared history has led to a rich tapestry of language and cultural references that can be challenging for outsiders to fully grasp [4:4]. Despite this complexity, British cultural references continue to enrich the language and offer insight into the nation's identity.
Recommendations for Understanding
To better understand British cultural references, it can be helpful to immerse oneself in British media, literature, and conversations. Engaging with native speakers and exploring resources like online forums or cultural guides can provide valuable context and explanations for these unique linguistic elements.
[deleted]
Not really. Yeah, there are a bunch of jokes based on British culture but there are also loads that are fairly universal. Besides, even we still discover new jokes every time we re-read the books so it's alright if you don't understand one, as someone here will have some idea of what it's about.
Im from Argentina, and even though I do recognize a lot of the references I certainly miss a lot more, speciall a lot of puns. However, it doesnt matter one little bit, I enjoyed them a crazy ton, and Ive read all of them (except The Sheperd Crown cause Im not ready yet to "actually" finish my journey through Discworld)
Read them and don't worry, if you have a kindle it will also help with some words you might not be familiar with but its not that important
I think you'll be fine - people from all around the world enjoy the books. Also, the books are not set in the authors home country.
There may be a few particularly "British" phrases in certain books that catch a few readers out, but I doubt there's anything that will get in the way of the story too much; and if you do need any explanations, this group us full of helpful people :))
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If you follow this sub you will find countless posts from native English speakers and British readers specifically who find references, puns and jokes that they missed for years. So even if you miss a reference it will not diminish your enjoyment.
One I’d suggest is when people say “I go to insert city name”. Even without the context of the person saying it being a student, British people would get that they’re the city corresponds to the name of a uni.
Any other sayings/phrases easily understandable by Brits, but possibly cryptic to others?
Your example is called a synecdoche, where a part is used to refer to the whole.
Like when you say, "im supporting england" the 'England' part implies a larger phrase in this case, "The England football team".
This is more common than you might think and not just in English.
I would say the OP's example is just abbreviation rather than synecdoche.
Someone saying "I go to Edinburgh" means they go to Edinburgh University. If they are going to Napier University (which is in Edinburgh) they wouldn't say "I go to Edinburgh".
Yeah synecdoche’s that can double up as abbreviations always feel a little disappointing. I think you’re right that conceptually, when we say ‘I go to Leeds’, we’re abbreviating really.
Yes, I suspect if an American said 'I go to Harvard', most people would understand without the need to say Harvard University because Harvard is well known globally.
I don’t think it really works the same. I studied at University of Connecticut for a year and I would never have said ‘I go to Connecticut’, I would say ‘I go to UConn’.
In my experience they generally use abbreviations for their unis instead outside of the Ivys and a few select others like Berkeley. Like University of Pennsylvania is UPenn, University of Southern California is USC etc.
I think even in the UK this is very dependent on context though. If a young adult said ‘I go to x’ it’s obviously a university. Whereas I’m now in my mid 30s and if I randomly said ‘I go to x’ people would be a bit like what haha, unless we were talking about unis at the time.
That's not quite the same, as Harvard is in Cambridge, Massachusetts not a place called Harvard.
My favourite is referring to a businessperson as a suit.
I think a lot of it Is innately understood without even knowing it is rhyming slang.
Berk, Barnett, brass tacks, rabbit on, have a butchers, Bristols, telling porkies, taking the Mickey , etc.
Any cockney rhyming slang, really.
Have a butchers at this.
Alright me old China.
Hello treacle.
Etc.
Treacle? What's the full version of that one?
I thought it was a synonym of "sweet", ie "hello my sweet(heart/ie/ness)"
I believe that's called a malaphor.
"More tea vicar?"
"Not in that cup thanks"
A lot of the references in the podcast are pretty British. Are there any you didn’t get first time around? Are there any that you still don’t get, even after multiple listens?
I remember reading that tombola is one of the top three English words people from outside the UK don’t know the meaning of. The equivalent in American English is tilapia or something.
I am a British person, but if you are not from the UK or Ireland the panto episode must be weird af.
I saw my first panto this Christmas. Everything in that Christmas episode suddenly made sense (and the cues that Alice and James do in the episode prepared me).
That’s great! Pantos are so formulaic that everyone in the UK just knows how they go and what to say!
Yes! I'm American and still don't understand the panto at all...very confusing so I just skip it. I just have no point of reference.
If you want a flavour of a panto, look up the ITV Cinderella panto on YouTube. It’s free and will give you a gist of what it’s like (and it’s actually a great panto, and is pretty funny).
There’s a “script” to a panto that you just know as a British person (because there’s a lot of audience participation) that must be hard to wrap your head around if you weren’t taken to see one from the age of 5!
Yep! MDWAP was the first time I ever heard of a panto (American here).
No, because I am a British 90s child. There is also quite a bit of 90s referencing. Probably more than any other period.
It’s the toilet. No idea how you spell it, because I’ve only ever heard people say it!
It’s from kamikaze, so I guess kaze? Doesn’t feel right, does it.
Edit: Looks like I’m talking out my arse on this one, just looked it up…
Khazi (also spelt karzy, kharsie or carzey) is derived from the low Cockney word ‘carsey’, meaning a privy. It has its roots in the nineteenth century, but gained popular usage during the twentieth century.
Some lexicographers (a person who compiles dictionaries), suggest that khazi could have come from the Italian word casa, which means house. Others think that khazi could be derived from Swahili - ‘M’khazi’ means latrine in this African language.
I'm a1977 too - (and I'm an American - forgive me!) and I found the tambola thing fascinating! I don't think that's a thing here.
MOT and D of E were ones I had to look up. The context clues are there, but I had to know for sure!
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I think it was be interesting to say the least. I’m going to put it in the case that we just never had the English language in the UK and only the other English speaking Countries used English, so I will base this off our older native/original historic languages.
Considering we still also have some speakers of Welsh, Manx, Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Scots.
And say if England spoke Old English and Brittonic.
5 out of the 7 languages are Celtic and 2 are Germanic.
(G)Old English: Not intelligible to Brittonic, Welsh, Manx, Irish, Scottish Gaelic. Somewhat intelligible to Scots.
(C)Brittonic: Not intelligible to Old English, Scots. Related to Welsh.
(C)Welsh: Partially intelligible to Brittonic. Not intelligible to others.
(C)Manx: Partially intelligible to Irish and Scottish Gaelic. Not intelligible to Old English, Welsh and Scots.
(C) Irish: Partially intelligible to Scottish Gaelic, some to Manx. Not to others.
(G) Scots: Highly intelligible to English (with effort). Not to Celtic languages.
(C) Scottish Gaelic: Partially intelligible to Irish and Max. Not to Old English, Scots and Welsh.
To put it bluntly, our international presence in mainstream culture would probably be quite low as the lack of ability to understand the languages we speak.
The closest languages to Old English at least is Frisian (sort of), Old Saxon/German which is still somewhat spoken in South Germany and Old Norse which the closest language to that is Icelandic however Old Norse is basically Shakespearean.
Our cultural sphere would pretty much be only in whatever area of the UK you’re from, especially in English & Scotland as there’s two languages derived from there as well a small % of German and Icelandic people and The Netherlands
TLDR for those who cba to read all of that:
We’d be pretty fucking isolated.
This is something I've often wondered, I think the uk gets compared to the US alot more just because of the shared language.
But there is also no way we could sustain the massive film, tv, games, youtuber and music industry that we have without them being made in the developed worlds default language.
Utterly different?
You'd have to discount nearly 10,000 years of history, so it's next to impossible to answer the question.
The history, culture and language of the UK is inextricably intertwined with Europe, from Doggerland (when the UK was still linked to mainland Europe), to the Romans to the Vikings to the Normans, to the British Empire.
I think our traditions and culture are already vastly different than most of mainland Europe. It’s why we do shite in Eurovision.
We do shite in Eurovision because we make 0 effort. The one year we decided to put in a good showing (Sam Ryder) and did all the associated promotion etc, we came second.
Our culture and traditions really aren't that different compared to the US or Asia.
I feel like we just miss the mark most years, when ballads are popular over Europe we do something cheesy, and when something cheesy is popular over Europe we do a ballad. We’re just not in touch with their trends. Sam is just genuinely impressive and talented and got the “win” on merit.
Is it worth pointing out that our unique UK English has evolved with us? And that USA English by comparison is an upstart in an otherwise foreign land?
I'm planning to make a YouTube video about it, but I'd like some input to see if I've missed anything. Here's what's on my list so far:
Any more?
I know there are more but may not be understood by people not from the Wirral (Devs said that at some point in Discord).
I don't remember which references there were except for Ham (one square of the map) also being an actual place iirc.
There are londonian phone booths borth of the park, Binvader is partially inspired by Daleks, and all train stations have names resembling actual stations in London (the specific ones are mentioned in the wiki)
I mentioned the last two in the original post.
My bad
I should try to read a post before answering 😅
I'm the one that added the to the wiki!
Brokenhead = Birkenhead
Cast Iron Shore Might be based on Crosby beach, which has "Another Place" which is a bunch of Cast Iron statues on the beach.
Thirstaton Lake = Thurstaston Beach
Eastham Woods = Eastham
Cherry Meadows: I don't think if there's a specific Park or area in mind, but Britain has like a lot of Cherry Blossom Trees. I've heard colloquially that it's the second most after Japan but I can't find anything to substantiate that. Alternatively, it could be a play on Strawberry Field (like what from the Beatles song)
Pipers farm is presumably based on Maris Piper, which is the most widely grown potato in the UK, I think.
Autumn Hill, idrk. There's a place called Caldy Hill on the Wirral Peninsula that's right near a lot of the following places.
Wallace might be from Wallasey. But it might also just be from walls. West of that is Hoylake. Pensby is a village near Thurstaston. West Kirby is a town just south of Hoylake. And just East of that is Frankby.
Obviously Penny Dreadful is named after... Penny Dreadfuls, a genre of Pulp fiction associated with Victorian England, and London in particular.
Thanks.
Some other monster references:
The mer-line train colours are similar to the colours of British Railways trains of the 1940s onwards
https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=06eaa6fe2699486c&sca_upv=1&rlz=1C5CHFA_enGB951GB951&sxsrf=ACQVn09lY4_-37oGvsD8O_eVDbn8tQAc5g:1707391418221&q=flying+scotsman+british+railways&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmz-bX0JuEAxV_SPEDHQH4BTYQ0pQJegQIDhAB&biw=1344&bih=606&dpr=2#imgrc=5zEbJeOLI1k9xM
Kayleigh is Irish (although I'm not smart enough to know if she's from Northern Ireland or The Republic of Ireland)
Meredith is from London and likes "Bands with tragic backstories" which makes me think very much of The Libertines and Oasis
Harbourtown also really heavily reminds me of the Cornish fishing villages I grew up in (only with less boats)
Penny Dreadful gets her name from a 19th Centrury UK book/writing style
For non Brits, what words did you learn from reading the books?
I know there are some substitutions (eg sneakers instead of trainers) but I’m sure there’s others that weren’t changed, plus I’m sure a lot of people read the UK editions anyway.
Also did you learn anything else about British life, or (even better) things you thought were from the Potterverse but then found out were real British things?
There is so much British vernacular I learned through the books, but the one thing I didn't know until I was in my 20s was the definition of "punting" used in the book. I thought Filch was unironically kicking children across the lake
And that isn't even really a Britishism.
I'd never made that connection until now and I thank you for it 🤣
This series was the first time I saw the word “snogging.” I remember finding it really funny as a kid.
Lolll. I knew this one would come up. It’s also hilarious now bc it’s quite a dated word. It was defo used when the first book came out but not anymore.
This one took me a long time and it wasn’t until reading something on this sub that made me realize it wasn’t what I thought it was.
When the Weasley twins left Hogwarts in OotP they left a swamp. It said in the book that Filch was punting students over it. To my totally American brain I thought he was kicking them, like a football. I then found out punting was boating them across. 🤦🏻♀️
This is a really funny take 😂
As a Brit who enjoys the NFL this really made me chuckle. I’d never looked at it the other way around.
I had no idea that real British schools have houses. I assume they're not based on personality type, though...right?
Amusingly, the houses in my primary school ended up a bit like that. I went to a private school and whole families would go there. They had a policy of putting family members in the same houses so, fast forward a few generations and you have one house that was predominantly full of the sporty kids. They would win everything on sports day, no real question but one other house would tend to do well academically. It was just because siblings and families often found the same things important.
Haha, no! There were houses at my normal state secondary school and they were mainly for admin purposes and sports competitions. My house was known for being traditionally quite sporty, I was not sporty in the slightest!
No lmao, for our school it was based on what form u were in (form is the period before ur first lesson, the period where you are registered as here or absent). And idk how they allocated what form u were in, im guessing it was done randomly.
Ooohhh. Yeah that’s a good one. We have many excellent words for what is essentially just a mild asshole but they all have nuanced differences.
Watching Peep Show back now and even I, who has rarely left these great isles, have trouble with some of the early 00’s cultural references.
Still not 100% clear on Piggin' , as in piggin tea break or piggin campaign strategy
A soft, child-friendly swear word. See also: chuffing, Gordon Bennett, flaming Nora etc.
“Relax, it’s not Blue Peter.” I get it now because of this sub.
What does it mean?
Blue Peter is a kids show. I didn't get that one either
Moreish was the main one for me. It makes obvious sense when it's spelled out, but spoken aloud I saw it as Moorish and that was... confusing.
Me too! I referenced that scene on the Peep Show sub, luckily someone corrected me.
It's Moroccan
My mum says "moreish" pretty much every time she eats something that isn't filling, and we're Australian, so I managed to get that one immediately.
There's a lot of vernacular however that doesn't crossover between England and Australia. There's still lots of jokes that make me feel like I'm missing out.
Moors aren't swampy. Quite the opposite. They're grassy, lightly rocky open land composed of low hills. You see this directly in "Quantocking" when they talk about being lost on the moors. Those are moors.
Not used to express annoyance, they’re used to replace an expletive when wanting to be more expressive.
Like “that’s bloody marvellous” or “that’s flipping ticketty boo”
When Super Hans said “Don’t trust the Argies” I thought he was referring to a British conservative political party. I found out a couple months it was about Argentina after watching a YouTube video about the Falklands conflict.
So I’ve read 7 books in Russian and there are thousands of footnotes explaining Gaelic/French/Latin words, poems, indirect references, historical people/places etc. I was surprised that there are not footnotes in English books. I have the books 8 and 9 in English. How do you people know some facts or words? You just Google them or guess them?
Some of it we pick up from context (the non-English language references, for example). Some historical characters or references are sometimes known... Some of the characters from the American Revolution are known to Americans, for example. But most of the time if I don't know or only know it a little and want to learn more, I just look it up in Google. I've been known to spend hours on Wikipedia reading articles because of something mentioned in the book that interested me. 😂
I adore researching about origin of chapter titles.
I haven't finished the game yet, so no spoilers please, but has anyone else noticed lots of references to British mythology? I've heard mentions of Titania, Puck, kelpies, and Macbeth. Mimir references his homeland (presumably Scotland) a few times too. Has anyone else picked up on this? Could it be hinting at the series' future?
Mimir IS Puck aka Robin Goodfellow
The Norns even call him Puck in the cutscene!
Perhaps. Either way, I'd love a series based on the British Isles.
Yeah Nimue was mentioned as well. I wouldn't be surprised if a sequel with Atreus finding more giants takes place in Faerie
Loved that! "She had a thing for swords, wonder what became of that" Just only freaking Excalibur hahah
I've always loved Norse and Greek mythology for two decades, so was so stoked when they moved to the former after always hoping for it, Norse myth used to be so niche and unless you were a metalhead most people had no idea, now it's everywhere.
But yeah, Finnish and gaelic would be the next best bet, lot of bizarre and awesome concepts that are severely underutilized in pop culture, Egypt would be too obvious
I could see it being a potential sequel. Gaelic Celtic mythology is very rich and full of all kinds of mystical creatures and legendary heroes.
Historically, Germanic Saxons invaded the British isles and were at war with the Brythonic Celts until they became the dominant culture on Great Britain (obviously not called that at the time). They never quite managed to stamp out the Gaelic Celts though.
The Saxons initially worshiped Germanic Deities that ere directly analogous to the Norse Gods. Odin = Woden, Thor = Thunor, their names for Frigg and Tyr were even the same. This is why the names of the week are what they are, because English stems from Old English, the language the Saxons spoke. (Tuesday = Tyr’s day, Wednesday = Woden’s day, Thursday = Thunor’s day etc)
Anyway, you could write a story that Mimir hears wind that remnants of Aesir worshippers have crossed the sea to escape Kratos and the new 8 realms leadership and have begun killing Mimir’s ancestral people to make a home for themselves. So Mimir urges Kratos to go over and help out.
Giants are a firm part of the mythology in Ireland so it would even make sense that’s where they all went and where Atreus has to go to find them.
i would kill for this! i want to hear mimir gush about his homeland!
[deleted]
Nah we all use metric
He inched closer becomes He 2.54cm closer
The whole 9 yards becomes the whole 8.23 meters
Miles apart is now kilometres apart
Give an inch and they take a mile is give 2.54cm (or 254mm in certain locations) and they take 1.6km
But seriously no we use both and most people will switch between them very easily. And even if they don’t they know the meaning of those sayings.
As a guide to how the UK uses both - which is weird - it’s :
Miles for distance, unless you’re running then it’s km
Meters / cm for measurements unless it’s height of a person then it’s feet and inches
Speed is always in mph
If you’re weighing something it’s in kg / tonnes etc unless it’s a person then it’s stone and pounds - also we use both if you’re baking something.
Liquid is weird. Pints for beer. Pints for milk - but only if it’s from a cow, litres for any other liquid
Yes, those phrases are normal
And UK still uses a lot of Imperial measures alongside metric - roads are in miles, drinks are in pints, babies are in lbs and many more; plus all the side by side examples like recipes books using both lb/oz and kg/g
I think it’s because when a system has been in use for over 1,000 years and you don’t mandate full replacement (as we did with decimalisation of currency) then out old, traditional measures were bound to live on. And they do, not just in English idioms
I suppose there was nothing stopping people from calling the new 5p coin a shilling or the 10p a florin. Pennies remained pennies. But many of the smaller coins with distinctive names, like farthings and halfpennies, had already been discontinued when decimalisation was introduced.
10p was referred to as a "two bob" for a long time.
There was a decimal halfpenny
Babies are weighed in g or Kg ... only grandmothers say the weight in pounds
Some examples which I think would be acceptable for your story :
'Pint-sized' - small (often talking about a person)
'Country mile' - a very long way
'An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure' - the virtue of preparedness
'A pint of sweat will save a gallon of blood' - another one
'Going at a rate of knots' - very fast (from the nautical term, a knot being one nautical mile per hour; Google says this is specifically British English so this may be a good one)
'He inched closer' would be fine
('Six feet under' and 'give an inch, take a mile' already mentioned.
On the other hand, best not to use: 'The whole nine yards' is American English I believe and I can't remember hearing a British person say it. So maybe avoid that one, unless your character has spent a long time in the US ).
BTW it's not -entirely- true to say Britain uses the metric system; truthfully it depends on the person and the context, and most people I think can do approximate conversions (a yard is quite close to a metre, 1 mile is about 1.6 km, a pint is about half a litre, people order 'pints' in pubs etc). It's a bit of a hybrid.
I've certainly heard "the whole nine yards" used by Brits but it is definitely marked as an Americanism for at least older listeners (no idea where it originates, there's no significant nine yard thing here that I can think of).
I believe it comes from the sport Americans mistakenly call football. They have to try to move the ball forwards 10 yards each play to get a “1st down”. I guess that by the time they’ve shouted “HUT!” and picked it up, they’ve moved it 1 yard and then they have 9 more to go?
Mum used that all the time. Usually addressing my brother or me.
I was quite surprised to discover that fabric is still sold in widths which are essentially old ells, that is, some multiple of 15 inches. Usually but not always 45.
Horse races in furlongs
british cultural references in language
Key Considerations for British Cultural References in Language
Idioms and Phrases: British English is rich in idiomatic expressions that reflect cultural nuances. For example, "It's not my cup of tea" means something isn't to one's liking, while "Bob's your uncle" indicates that something is simple or straightforward.
Regional Dialects: Different regions in the UK have unique dialects and slang. For instance, "gobsmacked" (astonished) is commonly used in England, while "wee" (small) is often heard in Scotland.
Literary References: British literature has a significant influence on language. References to works by authors like Shakespeare, Dickens, or Austen often appear in conversation and writing, enriching the language with historical context.
Pop Culture: British television, music, and film have produced iconic phrases and references. For example, "Keep calm and carry on" originates from a WWII propaganda poster and has become a popular saying.
Historical Context: Many phrases and references stem from British history, such as "the writing's on the wall," which can refer to impending doom or failure, originating from biblical texts.
Takeaways:
Recommendation: To deepen your understanding, consider reading British literature or watching British films and series. This exposure will help you recognize and appreciate the cultural references that permeate the language.
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